This post may be somewhat disjointed. The purpose is to explain that ethical functions are rational functions connected with the logical functions. Everything I say here will be taken from basic ethics philosophy and model A.
On this forum I see alot of people, when asked about themselves, responding with "I'm very logical". What they're trying to say is "I'm very rational", which is not the same thing. Infact they often hold very strong assumptions (such as an unyielding faith in socionics). I've also seen people (such as Myst recently) assert (blindly) that ethical and logical functions "pertain to very separate, qualitatively distinct information domains". This is wrong and a clueless comment, the functions deal with the same information: moral claims break down into reasoning, and reasoning crystallizes into assumptions... all the time. These are functions we're discussing - they differ in what they do with the information, not in the type of information they deal with. Infact the same piece of information can be a conclusion and an assumption. They (the logical and ethical functions) deal with the same information at the same time. I will explain.
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There is something called moral rationalism:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_rationalism
This shows how a moral truth is known fundamentally, before reasoning. A moral truth is 'stored' information; information which is packed and can be unpacked.
Logical reasoning amounts to a conclusion. The conclusion becomes an axiomatic presupposition. The axiomatic presupposition breaks down into the original reasoning that justifies it, and has some limited moral authority (justified by the reasoning). This is the process of packing and unpacking a moral claim. It is a completely rational process.
Moral rational vs. logical rational, what is the difference?
Moral rationals are axiomatic presuppositions, logical rationals are reasoning leading to conclusions (that is just basic ethics philosophy)
The moral functions also engage in their own reasoning process by sorting through axiomatic presuppositions:
Reasoning is often a chain of conclusions. One conclusion is dependent on another conclusion (acting as an assumption). Some assumptions are deeper than others. What is the more fundamental assumption? Which assumptions support or invalidate other assumptions? Moral reasoning sorts through this, to prune and maintain a sound structure rooted in the base assumptions. Ok
So both functions deal with information rationally and sort through it, though moral functions reason in a reverse manner that deals with the axioms themselves.
What does this look like from a practical standpoint?
Every time you engage in dialogue (let's say rational argument) you are busy examining your assumptions. You have to constantly be reasoning for the more fundamental assumptions. The conclusions you reach become new assumptions. The points that you make are based on your critique of assumptions or a justification of your own assumptions. You can't have your assumptions invalidated, because this invalidates all your reasoning built onto your assumptions.
Information that is one moment a conclusion reached through a logical chain of reasoning... the next moment is a moral axiom supported by a justification.
All of the above is basically how the ethical functions work in combination with the logical functions in socionics. To say they are "very separate, distinct domains" is to completely not understand them, they're extremely connected. One moment a claim can be logical, the next the exact piece of information can be used from an ethical standpoint.
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Alot of people on this forum pride themselves on being extremely logical but not having much in the way of feelings. Frankly, I find this attitude annoying because it misinterprets what the ethical functions are. I think you are trying to say that you're rational (and I could criticize that too because you haven't understood the irrational functions, but that aside)
You should not adopt socionics as an identity, but besides that...
When someone has weak moral faculties but strong reasoning faculties, this is what it looks like:
The person looks like a "rat in a box" (no allusion to myself). They cannot step outside of their assumptions, they get caught up in their logic leading to a conclusion. The conclusion is irrelevant because it doesn't fit into a larger moral framework or have any significant meaning within the framework of assumptions. Basically reasoning without any meaning or point. It's really not that intelligent honestly, rationally speaking, to not understand axioms or to miss the point.
I hope we now understand that ethical functions are rational and very tied with the logical functions, and deal with the same information.