Ever read a guide on the internet looking for what a function does and get this:

Extraverted thinking (Te): Te organizes and schedules ideas and the environment to ensure the efficient, productive pursuit of objectives. Te seeks logical explanations for actions, events, and conclusions, loo.... blah blah blah

Or this:
Extraverted Thinking (Te) is one of your 8 cognitive functions. How you experience it and how useful it is for you depends on how well it is developed and that depends on mostly your age and what your 4 letter personality type is.
Click here for a simple explanation of cognitive functions
Extraverted Thinking is one of the 4 judging functions the brain uses to make decisions. The other 3 judging functions are Introverted Thinking, Extraverted Feeling and INtroverted Feeling.
With Extraverted Thinking, the judging is done based on facts and logic, rather than emotions and values.
Extraverted Thinkers are able to set aside how they feel about something, so they can separate out the objective facts from their emotions.

We all experience emotions when making decisions. In fact if you watch your thought process closely enough you will notice that when it's time to decide something, you first have a gut

Does this honestly mean anything to anyone. It sure as heck didn't for me. But it was really simple.

Te:
The car1 is moving 30 miles per hour in the red zone - information
The car2 is moving 35 miles per hour in the red zone - information
The car3 is moving 25 miles per hour in the red zone - information

Ti:
Cars generally move 30 miles per hour in the red zone - rule

Te is factual information and Ti is the rules derived from that. The advantage to Te is the accuracy while Ti is condensed and easier to learn. They also seem to work together, you never use information without the rules and vise versa, but you have a preference to one or the other.

PS - Have you ever read the MBTI function descriptions? It's needlessly wordy as if to draw "connoisseurs" in to "study" the functions, Haha the catch is, no one knows what is going on and everyone's understanding is different.

One more thing, logical information involves "measurements" and numbers all the time. That's how you tell it apart form other "irrational" or ethical information.