3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (
MDMA), commonly known as
ecstasy (
E), is a
psychoactive drug primarily used as a
recreational drug. The desired effects include altered sensations and increased energy,
empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects begin after 30–45 minutes and last 3–6 hours. As of 2018, MDMA has no approved
medical uses.
Adverse effects include
addiction, memory problems,
paranoia,
difficulty sleeping,
teeth grinding, blurred vision, sweating, and a
rapid heartbeat. Deaths have been reported due to increased body temperature and dehydration.[ Following use people often feel
depressed and
tired. MDMA acts primarily by increasing the activity of the
neurotransmitters serotonin,
dopamine, and
noradrenaline in parts of the brain. It belongs to the
substituted amphetamine classes of drugs and has
stimulant and
hallucinogenic effects.