Model D

[Petter]

Si interprets the meaning of visual stimuli and establishes object/pattern recognition. It forms new memories and recall memories.

Se perceives/simulates an interaction between a person and objects/people.

Both functions cause emotions and are caused by emotions. Fe and Fi reflect upon those emotional responses. They combine perception (=sensation+cognition) and emotion.

Fe focuses on facial expressions, body language and tone of voice.

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Fe and Fi are not emotions (SSS: "energy" i.e. inner emotional state), so Fe and Si are not blocked in the same way as in Model A.

Why? Because Si doesn't need input from Fe, so Si (Fe) is not a Feeling type. Si and Fe complement each other, though.

Also, internal dynamics of objects and external dynamics of fields don't make any sense here, since Fe processes the same information as Si.

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LII (Model A): TiNe FiSe... Ti (4D) corresponds to cognition and Se (1D) corresponds to sensation, which is problematic since perception means sensation combined with cognition: one is 4D and the other is 1D, so it doesn't work ... or Ti corresponds to logic (i.e. prefrontal cortex) and Se corresponds to perception (like Model D), but then LSI/ISTP is not a Ti dominant type. See attached image.

brain LSI.jpg


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There is an alternative way of defining Se, Si, Fe and Fi.

Se/Si: a subject observes objects

Fe/Fi: a subject observes a subject who observes objects

"V.S. Ramachandran has speculated that mirror neurons may provide the neurological basis of human self-awareness."

[Petter]

There could be a connection between the functions and the basic emotions.


Se- maximize anger, minimize fear

Se+ minimize not anger, maximize not fear


Si+ maximize anticipation, minimize surprise

Si- minimize not anticipation, maximize not surprise (tradition, custom...)


Fi- maximize trust, minimize disgust

Fi+ minimize not trust (i.e. distrust), maximize not disgust


Fe+ maximize joy, minimize sadness

Fe- minimize not joy, maximize not sadness



IF this is accurate then I must change the model:

ILI

Introvert

Si+ Fe- // Se+ Fi-

Fi+ Se- // Fe+ Si-


... which is similar to Model D mk4.

[Petter]

"Anger, when viewed as a protective response or instinct to a perceived threat, is considered as positive. The negative expression of this state is known as aggression. Acting on this misplaced state is rage due to possible potential errors in perception and judgment."

Anger is always caused by an obstacle (including a threat).

Fear is always caused by an "inverse obstacle" ... i.e. he/she (or it) wants to remove you.


*****


Intelligence is directly related to logical reasoning, but it is only somewhat related to creativity/imagination (or Intuition). So '+' = abductive/inductive reasoning could be inaccurate.

I will temporarily use these descriptions instead:

'+' = "abstract, imaginative, absentminded, impractical, absorbed in ideas" ... "open to change, experimental, liberal, analytical, critical, freethinking, flexibility"

'-' = "grounded, practical, prosaic, solution oriented, steady, conventional" ... "traditional, attached to familiar, conservative, respecting traditional ideas"


16pf.png




'+' = many connections between the frontal lobe and the other lobes (?)

logical reasoning (including working memory) = similarities/differences between objects ... the prefrontal cortex (?)


brain creativity networks.jpg

[Petter]

There could be a connection between the functions and the basic emotions.


Se- maximize anger, minimize fear

Se+ minimize not anger, maximize not fear


Si+ maximize anticipation, minimize surprise

Si- minimize not anticipation, maximize not surprise (tradition, custom...)


Fi- maximize trust, minimize disgust

Fi+ minimize not trust (i.e. distrust), maximize not disgust


Fe+ maximize joy, minimize sadness

Fe- minimize not joy, maximize not sadness

Here's an example:

Se+ ... math --> engineering --> a bridge --> no need to climb --> he or she avoids dangerous situations

I think robots are the ultimate expression of Se+.

[Petter]

There could be a connection between the functions and the basic emotions.


Se- maximize anger, minimize fear

Se+ minimize not anger, maximize not fear


Si+ maximize anticipation, minimize surprise

Si- minimize not anticipation, maximize not surprise (tradition, custom...)


Fi- maximize trust, minimize disgust

Fi+ minimize not trust (i.e. distrust), maximize not disgust


Fe+ maximize joy, minimize sadness

Fe- minimize not joy, maximize not sadness

https://positivepsychology.com/negative-emotions/

Cambria, Livingstone, and Hussain (2011) took Plutchik’s wheel to another level and developed ‘The Hourglass of Emotions’. In their book, they built on Plutchik’s eight basic emotions and broke them down into four dimensions: sensitivity, attention, pleasantness, and aptitude. They also made distinctions between which of the emotions were positive (joy, trust, anger, and anticipation) or negative (disgust, sadness, fear, and surprise).



Se- anger ********************, fear *******************

Se+ anger ***, fear ***



Si+ anticipation ********************, surprise *******************

Si- anticipation ***, surprise ***



Fi- trust ********************, disgust ********************

Fi+ trust ***, disgust ***



Fe+ joy ********************, sadness ********************

Fe- joy ***, sadness ***


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Si+ tries to predict an outcome. If he (or she) is right, then anticipation (or interest) motivates him to continue using the same method etc. If he is wrong, then surprise (or distraction) motivates him to stop using the same method etc.

Si+ and Si- are two different strategies for survival.

[Petter]

It is possible that Fe uses mirror neurons as well. So Fe recognizes patterns from another person's point of view (Fe in post 174 could be incorrect), and recognizes himself/herself from outside.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror...Theory_of_mind

In Philosophy of mind, mirror neurons have become the primary rallying call of simulation theorists concerning our "theory of mind." "Theory of mind" refers to our ability to infer another person's mental state (i.e., beliefs and desires) from experiences or their behaviour.

There are several competing models which attempt to account for our theory of mind; the most notable in relation to mirror neurons is simulation theory. According to simulation theory, theory of mind is available because we subconsciously empathize with the person we're observing and, accounting for relevant differences, imagine what we would desire and believe in that scenario. Mirror neurons have been interpreted as the mechanism by which we simulate others in order to better understand them, and therefore their discovery has been taken by some as a validation of simulation theory (which appeared a decade before the discovery of mirror neurons). More recently, Theory of Mind and Simulation have been seen as complementary systems, with different developmental time courses.

At the neuronal-level, in a 2015 study by Keren Haroush and Ziv Williams using jointly interacting primates performing an iterated prisoner's dilemma game, the authors identified neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex that selectively predicted an opponent's yet unknown decisions or covert state of mind. These "other-predictive neurons" differentiated between self and other decisions and were uniquely sensitive to social context, but they did not encode the opponent's observed actions or receipt of reward. These cingulate cells may therefore importantly complement the function of mirror neurons by providing additional information about other social agents that is not immediately observable or known.

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I think Fe and Fi have to include "cooperation with oneself" and "negative cooperation" (Machiavellian thinking etc).

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Si interprets the meaning of visual stimuli and establishes object/pattern recognition. It forms new memories and recall memories.

Si recognizes a new car (or a friend). Fe processes a relation between a person (including himself/herself) and a new car.

Joy motivates a person to gain resources (i.e. useful objects and subjects, including knowledge) and form positive memories.

[Petter]

Si interprets the meaning of visual stimuli and establishes object/pattern recognition. It forms new memories and recall memories.

8) spatial/"static" vs. contextual/causal ... this is probably the same thing as 1)

"Cause-and-effect relationships define categories of objects. Wings are a feature of the category 'birds'; this feature is causally interconnected with another feature of the category, the ability to fly."

[Petter]

Ni/Si+

"Episodic future thinking, as we have defined it, refers to an ability to project the self forward in time to pre-experience an event. It may be a distinguishing feature of our species. We have argued that episodic future thinking can hold explanatory value when considering recent work on such diverse topics as prospective memory, the planning fallacy, goal pursuit, and depression and anxiety. Neuropsychological evidence suggests that the frontal lobes constitute an important part of a wider neuronal network involved in episodic future thinking. Its developmental emergence might take place by the age of 5 yrs. The importance of episodic future thinking to human experience and behaviour remains to be fully explored, but glimpses of its potential importance for adaptive human functioning (e.g. positive health practices) can be found in current research."

[Petter]

Si+ tries to predict an outcome. If he (or she) is right, then anticipation (or interest) motivates him to continue using the same method etc. If he is wrong, then surprise (or distraction) motivates him to stop using the same method etc.

This is a better explanation:

If he (or she) is on the right track, then anticipation (or interest) motivates him to continue using the same method.

If he is right, then a lack of anticipation (or interest) stops him from using this method.

If he is on the wrong track, then surprise (or distraction) motivates him to start using a different method.

If he is wrong, then a lack of surprise (or distraction) stops him from using any method.

[Petter]

https://www.researchgate.net/publica...rotransmitters

https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Moti...ube_of_emotion

"The only emotion in the model that is not shown to have an influence by these neurotransmitters is shame/humiliation. According to Lövheim (2012), this emotion is where the individual feels defeated and unworthy and that this makes it clear, when remembering what each axis represents, that this is where this emotion belongs."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceptance

"Acceptance in human psychology is a person's assent to the reality of a situation, recognizing a process or condition (often a negative or uncomfortable situation) without attempting to change it or protest it."

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It is possible that acceptance (or trust) fits even better than shame/humiliation.

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"Recent evidence in support of the idea of basic emotions has also been gathered from brain imaging studies and investigations of autonomic responses, demonstrating unique patterns of activation associated with certain emotions."

[Petter]

neurotransmitters and emotions.gif

[Petter]

neurotransmitters and emotions.gif

[Petter]

https://theconversation.com/anger-ag...fference-82918

"Anger is an emotion that motivates and energises us to act."



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin

"Pharmacological manipulation suggests that serotonergic activity increases with motor activity while firing rates of serotonergic neurons increase with intense visual stimuli."



https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/....a0001401.pub2

"Noradrenaline is the main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nerves in the cardiovascular system."

"Adrenaline responses to stressors are more closely linked to responses of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical system than of the sympathetic nervous system."


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Surprise is probably a special case of distraction (or confusion), and disgust is probably a special case of dislike/loathing.

Love (and like) could be a more intense version of acceptance. But Plutchik thought love was a combination of acceptance/trust and joy.


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https://www.researchgate.net/publica...e_and_jealousy

"Similarly, Ekman differentiates love from basic emotion based on the fact that there is no facial expression for love (a main criterion of basic emotions)"


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Se: a person interacts with objects <--> anger/fear

Fi: a person --> (a person interacts with objects <--> anger/fear) <--> acceptance/disgust

[Petter]

Si+ anticipation ********************, surprise *******************

Si- anticipation ***, surprise ***

This is probably incorrect. Both Si+ and Si- try to maximize anticipation/interest and minimize surprise/confusion.

Si-

useful patterns: ********************

potentially useful patterns: ***


Si+

useful patterns: ***

potentially useful patterns: ********************

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For example, an SLI can be very interested in history, antiques, medicine, cookery etc. The difference is that he (or she) does not need Intuition and he knows it is useful knowledge.

[Petter]

Both useful patterns and potentially useful patterns are about facts, so ILI: Ni Te Si Fe etc does not work. Facts are directly related to observation/experience and memory (Si).

"Facts may be checked by reason, experiment, personal experience, or may be argued from authority."

ILI: read facts (i.e. potentially useful patterns ... and some useful patterns) ---> speculate (i.e. Intuition) ---> read facts ---> speculate ---> read facts etc.

[Petter]

Both useful patterns and potentially useful patterns are about facts, so ILI: Ni Te Si Fe etc does not work. Facts are directly related to observation/experience and memory (Si).

"Facts may be checked by reason, experiment, personal experience, or may be argued from authority."

ILI: read facts (i.e. potentially useful patterns ... and some useful patterns) ---> speculate (i.e. Intuition) ---> read facts ---> speculate ---> read facts etc.

In this context, useful is essentially the same as practical. So SLI can be very detailed when it comes to practical and personal matters.

[Petter]

​https://www.the16types.info/vbulleti...ion-(Filatova)

"Si – Program function. Represented by the sensation of harmony, beauty and health. Everything must be balanced in the best way possible. At the same time, beauty must be combined with usefulness: this is applied to his work, relations with people, decoration and furnishing of living quarters, and in the comprehensive development of a physically healthy body."

[Petter]

https://introvertdear.com/news/intro...ng-to-science/

Another difference between introverts and extroverts has to do with our nervous systems. Everyone’s nervous system has two “sides” — the sympathetic side, which triggers the “fight, fright, or flight” response, and the parasympathetic side, which is responsible for “rest and digest” mode.

In other words, the sympathetic side is like hitting the gas pedal, while the parasympathetic side is like slamming on the brakes.

When your sympathetic system is activated, your body gears up for action. Adrenaline is released, glucose energizes muscles, and oxygen increases. Areas of your brain that control careful, measured thinking are turned off, although dopamine increases alertness in the back of your brain.

On the other hand, when you engage the parasympathetic side, your muscles relax, energy is stored like a squirrel preparing for winter, and food is metabolized. Acetylcholine increases alertness and blood flow to the front of your brain.

To be clear, extroverts and introverts use both sides of their nervous systems at different times. But which side do we introverts generally prefer? You’ve probably already guessed: According to Dr. Laney, we prefer the parasympathetic side, which slows and calms us.

Ever wonder why, as an introvert, you are prone to overthinking? It may have to do with how we process stimuli differently than extroverts.

When information from the outside world — like someone’s voice or images on a computer screen — enters an extrovert’s brain, it travels a shorter pathway, Laney theorizes. It passes through “quick response” areas of the brain where taste, touch, sight, and sound are processed.

[...]

If Laney’s theory is correct, this means introverts process information more thoroughly than extroverts do. No wonder it can take us longer to put our thoughts into words, react, or make decisions!

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This is a definition of extraversion/introversion.

Extroverts make fast decisions but they can be imprecise. Introverts make slow decisions but they are usually precise.

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This also explains why there are no ambiverts, since we are either in the extroverted mode or in the introverted mode.

I also think everybody has a preferred side.

Extroverts interact more with the external world than the internal world, so they must often make fast decisions.

Introverts interact more with the internal world than the external world, so they can often make slow decisions.

[Petter]

ILI: read facts (i.e. potentially useful patterns ... and some useful patterns) ---> speculate (i.e. Intuition) ---> read facts ---> speculate ---> read facts etc.

ILI: recall a memory (now it is a potentially useful pattern) ---> speculate ---> recall a memory ---> speculate ---> recall a memory etc.