When my INFj mother was 14 her school bus wrecked and it threw her out the back doors onto a pile of other children. She was knocked out and when she came to, her sense of smell was permanently gone but there were no other problems.
From what I've gathered from her brothers and her mother, she's the same person now as she ever was, so I don't think her type changed.

As for compensation by other parts of the brain, she seems to have a very good sense of visual space, but overall that's it.