mirrorsoul, you would need to read Aushra Augusta. since she came up with socionics, she would have to be the primary source that you're looking for. you can read her works to understand her views, where she got her ideas, and how socionics came to be. here are some that may help you:
Augusta has written other articles besides the ones i listed above. scroll to the bottom half of this page for the links (these are not translated):
http://www.socioniko.net/ru/authors/augusta.html
you also commented on Reinin: Reinin also lays out exactly how he derived his dichotomies, and what each of them mean and how they manifest, in his book
Socionics: Typology. Small Groups. you can download his book translated into English here:
http://www.the16types.info/vbulletin...ad.php?t=32812
i wouldn't give up on socionics after only a few weeks of studying it. in my opinion, to really grasp socionics and to learn how to successfully apply it takes some time. try not to get discouraged by people arguing over semantics and definitions. i think once you grasp it, you will find that socionics is simpler than it's often made out to be.