Thinking and Feeling are both decision making faculties. The former strives to purge itself of the interpersonal element to make as clear of impersonal decisions as possible. In order to attain the clarity of thought, the Thinker wishes to be devoid of all notions that may cloud his judgment. Subject and interpersonal sentiments are most pestiferous to him. Hence, what he sees is but an intellectual formula for him to carry out his thought processes. The Feeler on the other hand wishes to stay true to his interpersonal values and sentiments, finds thinking tyrannous and imposing. As cited in my INFP profile, Kierkegaard's rebellion against Hegelian systematization is the case in point.
Extroverted Thinking is primarily concerned with establishing a formula that corresponds with the external agenda and observations. Extroverted Feeling is primarily concerned with establishing a Feeling based agenda to confirm traditional values. Both Extroverted Judging functions are more concerned with implementation of Thoughts and Feelings rather than with Thoughts and Feelings on their own account. Both of these functions aim at maintaining status quo by all means necessary, as their introversion (or thoughts or feelings in their own right) are only means to the end of ensuring proper action. What is proper action is already decided by the agenda imposed upon them by their authorities. (This shall not be the case if the Extroverted Judging faculties are in proper interplay with the introverted functions.) Such is the example of an object holding primacy over the subject, as the subject is almost entirely defined by the object. This is a classical example of the essence of Extroversion.
Extroverted Thinking and Extroverted Feeling operate by conventional benchmarks and their thoughts and Feelings are guided in such a fashion accordingly. For this reason they may have difficulty adapting to thought experiments where improvisation and investigative research is necessary. The two Extroverted Judging faculties tend to excel at grammar and standard linguistics as they easily adapt external convention. The Extroverted Thinker would excel at elementary logic and mathematics as he easily adapts to the external convention, will easily learn the symbols and operational conditions. Yet when ideas become more theoretical and he will be forced to invent his own methods of thought, he shall encounter more difficulties. This issue could be easily mitigated if the Extroverted Thinker is equipped with an auxiliary Introverted Intuition which shall draw him in affinity with the inner life and shall place him in a better position to overcome a rather typical struggle the Extrovert tends to be embroiled in.
As a general rule, the Extroverted Judger's personal interests are intermeshed with that of the external environment, as Jung says, the greatest threat to the extrovert is getting lost in the object. In this case simply being absorbed by the External agenda to the point where he cannot tell the difference between his own judgment and that imposed on him by others. Organized religion is a startling phenomenon of this. In the case of the Extroverted Thinker, he could not tell the difference between his ideas and those that endorsed by his school of thought which he himself may find only superficially plausible. In the case of an Extroverted Feeler, he may not be able to tell the difference between his personal sentiments and those endorsed by his social circle.
Introverted Thinking and Introverted Feeling are concerned with thoughts and Feelings in their own right. They require no external agenda for legitimization. Whilst Extroverted Thinking and Extroverted Feeling run the danger of being too focused on implementation of ideas to the point where they neglect to think or feel at all, the Introverted Thinking and Introverted Feeling are in danger of getting absorbed in their thoughts to the point where they lose all relevance to reality. Introverted Thinking and Introverted Feeling greatly excel at exploration of theoretical notions. Aristotle exemplifies the former and Shakespeare the latter. The former is concerned with theoretical thinking, and the latter with what one may call abstract feeling which most distinctly manifests in works of literature. The former seeks to understand the world from an impersonal perspective, yet the latter is concerned with the complexities of the interpersonal aspects of life. The former is most focused on science and philosophy, but the latter on arts and the human element. These two types, as contrasted with their extroverted counterparts are least inclined to accept the external convention and tend to concoct their own ways for how tasks are to be carried out. This is a great bonus on the theoretical level of idea, as it is the case that the Introverted Thinkers have made greatest breakthroughs in theoretical mathematics, sciences and philosophy, and Introverted Feelers in literature. Yet the two types may experience extreme difficulties in learning the basic procedures of the enterprises they are about to enter as doing so they would need to learn the elementary ways of handling procedures. In their ignorance of the subject, they may still concoct their own way of doing things, yet this will likely be inadequate, and their ways will continue to be inadequate until they have attained sound knowledge of the matter.
Yet, in order to do this they may have to rely on the Extroverted Judgment operations as a stepping stone. This could only be possible if doing so could be shown to be consistent with their judgment. In the case of the Introverted Thinker, it must be thoroughly explained with sound reasoning why the external convention is to be accepted. For the Introverted Feeler, as contrasted with the Extroverted feeler, it is not enough to say that it only feels humane, or everyone else feels so, or it is the rule, it needs to be shown that the given notion truly is profoundly humane.
Thinking and Feeling, an excerpt from Principles of Typology
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