Basic Emotions

[Petter]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3624960/

Role of right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in self-conscious emotional reactivity

Self-conscious emotions such as embarrassment, shame, guilt and pride are social emotions in which the self stands at the forefront of awareness. Our use of the term ‘self’ in this context refers to one’s physical being, as well as the thoughts and feelings that constitute the subjective sense of that being (James, 1890). These emotions serve important interpersonal functions (Miller and Leary, 1992; Tangney, 1999; Lewis, 2000). Embarrassment, for example, typically arises when heightened attention is paid to the self after violation of a social rule (Keltner, 1995). Not only is embarrassment associated with autonomic nervous system responding including increases in heart rate, blood pressure, sweating (Keltner, 1995; Harris, 2001; Gerlach et al., 2003) and peripheral vasodilation (producing characteristic facial blushing), but it also has a characteristic behavioral display (e.g. smile control, gaze aversion and face touching; Shearn et al., 1990; Keltner, 1995). The physiological and behavioral changes that occur in embarrassment signal to others that one regrets the offending action (Miller, 2007) and may help motivate actions (e.g. apologizing) that redress social transgressions.

[OFC] may be important for the regulation, and not generation, of self-conscious emotion (Beer et al., 2003)

ACC 1.png

[Petter]

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/41/47/9742.abstract

The subgenual (sgACC) and perigenual cingulate (pgACC) have distinct structural and functional characteristics and are important afferent modulators of the amygdala. The sgACC is critical for arousal, whereas the pgACC mediates conflict-monitoring, including in social contexts.

[Petter]

https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/d...np.23.2.jnp121

Simple emotions activate ACC, with pACC more responsive to happiness and sACC to sadness. Induction of sadness increases subjective ratings of pain and pain-related activation of the MCC. Reward also activates the ACC; sACC activity correlates with the expected value of options. Action-selection and expression of learned fear are more likely to activate pMCC, whereas tasks requiring cognitive control, conflict-monitoring, error-detection, or emotion- (including fear) related appraisal (evaluation) are more likely to activate aMCC and perhaps pACC. Activations related to emotional conflict-regulation and fear-inhibition during extinction are more likely in the sACC. Reappraisal activates both aMCC and sACC. Thus, MCC is “cognitive”— involved in conflict-monitoring and response-selection and execution. Within MCC, aMCC is implicated in emotional appraisal, conflict-monitoring, approach–avoidance decisions, and willed control of actions. pMCC is involved in body-orientation and movement-execution. ACC is “affective,”— involved in emotion assessment, emotion-related learning, and autonomic regulation. Within ACC, pACC is implicated in emotional regulation, autonomic integration, and affect related to pain. sACC is implicated in autonomic control, visceral integration, and conditioned learning.

[Petter]

https://emotiontypology.com/positive...on/excitement/

You experience excitement as high arousal, accompanied by the feeling of ‘butterflies in your stomach’, trembling, or sweaty palms. Your increased heart rate, breathing and perspiration prepare you for physical action. These jittery bodily feelings are somewhat atypical for a positive emotion, and more akin to negative emotions like fear or nervousness, with the difference that you experience them as positive.

[Petter]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537192/

interest: attention, learning, goal-directed behavior (---> a potential reward or threat)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion#Components

Bodily symptoms: the physiological component of emotional experience.

This does not apply to interest so it is not a basic emotion.