Saludos, compatriota!

Yo también soy de Argentina pero tuve la suerte de escaparme de ahí en plena pandemia.
My first impression was LII. If that's the case then must've been tough for you to grow up in such a Beta country. The reason why I don't think you're IEI is that generally IEI are romantic (you describe yourself as nonromantic). Also, the way you type does not remind me of IEI. Their writing is all over the place, lots of imagery, etc. Yours is very well structured, and honestly amazingly good if English isn't your mother tongue (sorry if I'm making assumptions). Anyways the writing style very much reminds me of LII.
>My main goal in life is to know as much as I possibly can about everything, both by reading books and by travelling the world/talking to different types of people from different places. I enjoy music, memes, physics, sci-fi/horror movies and books, and I spend 99% of my time on the Internet.
Quite similar to myself lol. Alpha values maybe. The excessive focus on analysis/understanding along with your introvertedness would be more like LII.
>It is hard for me to look inside myself and see who I am, so labels and descriptors help me find myself.
Feels like something very Ti-ish to say, even weak Ni perhaps.
>And I'm interested in typology because it helps me understand people better. Instead of every individual being their own person in this chaotic mess, we can analyze peoples' psyches and see patterns, what they have in common and what they don't, how they interact with each other; basically build a framework to see how their brains work. And I like learning how things work.
I think exactly the same lol. Again frameworks/understanding/classification = Ti.
>I like honesty, being listened to, and being emotionally supported. I also tend to like people with some edge or eccentricity to them. People who will say/do things that are unpredictable and will take me aback. This is because I like being surprised, it is exciting and stimulating.
The first sentence feels like EII. But the rest is very perceiving, especially IP temperament. IJ and EJ value stability, do not like surprises, etc. So this is a point for IEI.
>I wanted to be a theoretical physicist/cosmologist, but not long ago I quit my career and I am currently studying programming. In ideal circumstances I would be a musician, but like I said, financially it would not be wise, so I picked a STEM career that would allow me to leave the country and explore the world, which is what I wanna do. I also picked scientific research because I have an instinctive, visceral need to do something that matters, that transcends me. However, I found physics to be too difficult for me as well as too long of a career, and for personal reasons I decided it would be quicker for me to form myself as a programmer and be able to have some level of freedom of movement like I wanted to. Hopefully in the future I can mix both worlds and go into something like data science, as well as music.
So LII fits better here than IEI mostly because I don't think an IEI would put themselves through the struggle of getting a stem degree to make money to obtain economic freedom and then do the stuff they like. They got the Ni to do it but they lack the Te simply for managing money effectively etc

. Also IEI are very crafty for evading economic responsibilities so they would go straight down the artistic path instead and pray for the best lol.
And also, your story is quite similar to mine. I got into STEM mostly for the money and being vaguely interested in computers lol. But originally I wanted to be a vagrant kinda dude traveling and living off of stock market speculation

of course life ain't that easy, especially in a 3rd world country...
>I am obsessed with time and understanding how it works. To me, past present and future are all part of one single entity that 3D beings can't fully view or understand.
Very Ni-ish thing to say.
>I pay zero attention to [efficiency and productivity] and often times need someone else to help me in those areas.
Low Te thing to say.
>I would say I am decent at handling money, without trying.
And then a high Te thing to say.
>My instinct is to improvise and adapt as I go.
p type or irrational subtype such as LII-Ne
>Freedom (I swear I'm not American), justice, truth. I cannot answer why, to me it's obvious. They are very important things for all humans to have.
It's so weird that we both come from the same country and have the same values. In the exact same order lol. Perhaps these are country values rather than personality values. Sadly it's a country that lacks these three things, don't you think?
>In the world we live in, money is freedom. The thing I value the most in this world is freedom, and so by extension I value money. I am aware, however, that it's an invented concept. I don't value money for the sake of it, but because I've seen what it's like to be without it.
Dude this is literally exactly how I feel about money. Seriously its like somebody stole it from my own mind or something hahaha.
Well honestly I don't know for sure. LII-Ne would make a lot of sense. You remind me a lot of myself a few years ago. Like very similar in terms of interests, values, etc. but also quite different in terms of attitude as I am a generally a carefree and positive dude. I don't think you are an F type. The extra flexibility you have that reminds me of perceiving types might be an indicator of irrational subtype. For the record, I used to score LII-Ne in socionics tests before. Eventually I settled for ILE as a type because I generally am extroverted and positivistic and have an easy time initiating contact which is not normal for LII lol.
You should read descriptions of LII-Ne, IEI-Ni and even ILI-Ni to see which one works better for you. But I'd say like 80% chance you're LII. The irrational subtypes of IEI and ILI are VERY irrational. Too go-with-the-flow sorta and with all that stuff you said about structure, understanding, classification, it feels like you value a judging function (Ti in this case) quite highly.
Hope this wall of text helped a bit lol.
By the way, if you ever want to talk sometime send me a message here or something cause I think it'd be interesting to talk

For the record I'm 22 as well and I managed to get out of Argentina last year after graduating uni there in STEM. So I can tell you my story if you'd like.