IEI
NiFe > SiFe (DMN)
-------------
NeFi > SeFi
NiTe > SiTe (CEN)
-------------
NeTi > SeTi
IEI
NiFe > SiFe (DMN)
-------------
NeFi > SeFi
NiTe > SiTe (CEN)
-------------
NeTi > SeTi
similarity <--> relevance <--> usefulness
------
Ne and Ni
1. PFA/PFS and working memory
2. association
3. memory retrieval
Ne: a shape
Ni: an object (a pattern) or a related object (a table <--> a chair)
Sandra Bullock: E-D2-NeFi (see post #1064)
Ne and Se <--> DAN
Ni and Si <--> VAN
structure (∼ the parietal lobe): Se, Ne, Ti, Fi
cause and effect (∼ the temporal lobe): Si, Ni, Te, Fe
https://i.imgur.com/msxwBdf.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporoparietal_junction
------
structure <--> interaction
cause and effect <--> facts
https://imgur.com/a/4m0jPG3
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4876207/
Recent studies proposed that the PHC is largely involved in contextual associative processing.
(Ni and Si)
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-30850-013
On the basis of cognitive neuroscience theory concerning the functions that comprise reasoning through the use of Bayes Nets, the neural implementation of reasoning according to CM theory would engage neural correlates of counterfactual reasoning, working memory manipulation (rather than pure maintenance), probability judgments, and explanatory reasoning to resolve uncertainty. We would thus expect to see a primarily left hemispheric frontotemporal network supporting causal reasoning.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Frenkel
https://www.michael-penn.net/research
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash_Jr.
https://www.newscientist.com/people/roger-penrose/
(A, H:Ti) I-D-NiTe
They are/were interested in algebraic geometry and mathematical physics rather than abstract algebra and number theory (TiNe).
I-D-NiTe vs. I-D-NiFe ..... I-D-NiFe has higher levels of oxytocin.
I-D-NiTe vs. (H:Fe) I-D-NiTe ..... The H:Fe subtype has higher levels of vasopressin.
Oxytocin and vasopressin help to modulate behaviors that bring animals together (i.e., cooperative behaviors) as well as behaviors that keep animals apart (i.e., competitive behaviors), with the modulatory effects often being species-, sex-, and context-dependent.
Hillary Clinton: (H:Fe) I-D-NiTe
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics...temporal-gyrus
In addition, feedback modulation in the fusiform gyrus was observed 15–25 ms later than the activity in the superior temporal cortex, thus implying the indirect top-down modulation of the fusiform gyrus by auditory stimuli via superior temporal cortex.
[...]
Chambers et al. (2004b) have used TMS to show that the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the IPL (Fig. 2) has a critical role in strategic orienting of attention to visual, but not to somatosensory events.
------
VAN <--> STS/STG and IPL
right VAN <--> visual arts (and music)
left VAN <--> literary arts (and theater)
------
64 types (?)
decision-making: left Te and Fe ('J')
response re-evaluation and adjustment: right Te and Fe
https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...78262614000487
As predicted, viewing paintings was correlated with activation in a distributed system including the occipital lobes, temporal lobe structures in the ventral stream involved in object (fusiform gyrus) and scene (parahippocampal gyrus) perception, and the anterior insula—a key structure in experience of emotion. In addition, we also observed activation in the posterior cingulate cortex bilaterally—part of the brain’s default network. These results suggest that viewing paintings engages not only systems involved in visual representation and object recognition, but also structures underlying emotions and internalized cognitions.
https://www.ibroneuroscience.org/art...833-6/abstract
Current cognitive models suggest that the processing of dynamic facial attributes, including social signals such as gaze direction and facial expression, involves the superior temporal sulcus, whereas the processing of invariant facial structure such as the individuals' identity involves the fusiform face area. Where facial attractiveness, a social signal that may emerge from invariant facial structure, is processed within this dual-route model of face perception is uncertain. Here, we present two studies. First, we investigated the explicit judgments of facial attractiveness and attractiveness-motivated behavior in patients with acquired prosopagnosia, a deficit in familiar face recognition usually associated with damage to medial occipitotemporal cortex. We found that both abilities were impaired in these patients, with some weak residual ability for attractiveness judgments found only in those patients with unilateral right occipitotemporal or bilateral anterior temporal lesions. Importantly, deficits in attractiveness perception correlated with the severity of the face recognition deficit. Second, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy subjects that included an implicit and explicit processing of facial attractiveness. We found increased neural activity when explicitly judging facial attractiveness within a number of cortical regions including the fusiform face area, but not the superior temporal sulcus, indicating a potential contribution of the fusiform face area to this judgment. Thus, converging neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence points to a critical role of the inferior occipitotemporal cortex in the processing of facial attractiveness.
https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/9/11/1770/1682589
In conclusion, fusiform to amygdala coupling strength is modulated via feedback through aSTG as region for multisensory integration of emotional material. This mechanism was emotion-specific and more pronounced for sad music. Therefore, soundtrack valences may modulate emotion elicitation in movies by differentially changing preprocessed visual information to the amygdala.
1. CEN (A) + DAN
2. CEN (B) <--> DMN
3. FTN (or "CEN 2") <--> DMN
4. FTN + VAN
------
FTN = the fronto-temporal network
SeFi and NeFi: social interaction, behavior
------
SeFi: normal behavior
NeFi:
A. potential behavior, inner talent
B. absurd or stupid behavior <--> hyperbole
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theori...olation_theory
The benign violation theory (BVT) was developed by researchers Peter McGraw and Caleb Warren. Their ideas build on the work of Linguist Tom Veatch, who proposed that humor emerges when one's sense of how the world "ought to be" is threatened or violated. BVT claims that humor occurs when three conditions are satisfied:
1. Something threatens one's sense of how the world "ought to be."
2. The threatening situation seems benign.
3. A person sees both interpretations at the same time.
From an evolutionary perspective, humorous violations likely originated as apparent physical threats, like those present in play fighting and tickling. According to Benign violation, people often laugh when being tickled or play fighting because laughter signifies the situation is somehow threatening but safe. As humans evolved, the conditions that elicit humor likely expanded from physical threats to other violations, including violations of personal dignity (e.g., slapstick, teasing), linguistic norms (e.g., puns, malapropisms), social norms (e.g., strange behaviors, risqué jokes), and even moral norms (e.g., disrespectful behaviors).
------
https://medium.com/@gary.borislow/ho...s-43315ce17182
On the elderly drivers in Florida: “I just can’t drive around there. Old people drive slow, they sit low... And the left turn signal, on from when they left the house that morning. That’s a legal turn in Florida, by the way. It’s called an Eventual Left. You can signal this week, then turn any following year of your life.” (NeFi)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognit...mor_processing
Verbal [incongruity jokes <--> non-Duchenne laughter?]
The verbal medium through which humor can be conveyed elicits a theory separate from the popular incongruity-resolution theory. The comprehension-elaboration theory is not much different from the incongruity-resolution theory, however it accounts for several incongruities found in language that are not considered humorous. Corrected misunderstandings, scientific discoveries, and silent responses to ‘bad jokes’ all present incongruity-resolution characteristics, but do not generate humor. In the comprehension–elaboration theory of humor, comprehension refers to the detection and resolution of incongruities. The elaboration follows comprehension, involves the conscious generation of inferences for features not made explicit during comprehension, and elicits the unconscious or conscious feeling of amusement. Studies utilizing fMRI have shown that, like the incongruity-resolution theory, the comprehension-elaboration theory can be separated into two distinct neurological schedules of activity. During comprehension, greater activation in the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and left ventral striatum can be seen. During elaboration, the left ventromedial prefrontal gyrus, bilateral amygdala, and bilateral parahippocampal gyrus show greater activity.
Non-verbal [NeFi: Theory of Mind]
Studies have shown that a wide area around the temporoparietal junction (temporo-occipital junction, posterior superior temporal sulcus, posterior middle temporal gyrus), temporal pole and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in cognitive humor processing of nonverbal cartoons. Studies in recent years have revealed discrete characteristic patterns of cerebral blood-oxygen-level dependent activity induced by non-verbal cartoons with different logical mechanisms. The TPJ is involved in successful incongruity resolution but not in the detection of incongruity. The extrastriate cortex is activated particularly during processing of visual puns, whereas semantic cartoons evoked activity mainly in the TPJ and precuneus. The TPJ and precuneus areas are known to be involved in mentalizing and are more strongly activated during processing of Theory of Mind cartoons compared to visual puns and semantic cartoons.
------
humor <--> mental discomfort/unease (not pain)
NeFi + NeFi ..."cerebral silliness", observational comedy (Craig Ferguson, Seinfeld...)
NeTi + NeFi ... stupidity, absurdity, sarcasm (Blackadder, Monty Python...)
SeTi + NeFi ... pranks, morbid humor
SeFi + NeFi ... risqué, physical comedy, teasing
https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/b...rained-thinker
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4410791/
Inductive reasoning is an everyday process that allows us to make sense of the world by creating rules from a series of instances. Consistent with accounts of process-based fractionations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) along the left–right axis, inductive reasoning has been reliably localized to left PFC. However, these results may be confounded by the task domain, which is typically verbal. Indeed, some studies show that right PFC activation is seen with spatial tasks. This study used fMRI to examine the effects of process and domain on the brain regions recruited during a novel pattern discovery task. Twenty healthy young adult participants were asked to discover the rule underlying the presentation of a series of letters in varied spatial locations. The rules were either verbal (pertaining to a single semantic category) or spatial (geometric figures). Bilateral ventrolateral PFC activations were seen for the spatial domain, while the verbal domain showed only left ventrolateral PFC. A conjunction analysis revealed that the two domains recruited a common region of left ventrolateral PFC. The data support a central role of left PFC in inductive reasoning. Importantly, they also suggest that both process and domain shape the localization of reasoning in the brain.
convergent thinking (L) vs. divergent thinking (N)
------
L = logic, the left hemisphere (analysis)
------
L / N vs. S
T = task-oriented
a lawyer: E/I-V-LiTe
an actor: E-V-LiFe
a writer: I-V-LiFe
an administrator: I-V-SiTe
a teacher: E-V-SiFe
Se, Ne, Ti, Fi ---> Sx, Nx, Tx, Fx (and Lx)
Si, Ni, Te, Fe ---> Sy, Ny, Ty, Fy (and Ly)
Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg: I-D-LyT
https://i.imgur.com/GaM5ltO.jpg
(L) I-D-NyT
Chris Langan: (A, R) I-D2-LxT
L and N: PFC + BA10
smoke and fog ---> smog
------
The left PFC (L) is creative (PFS), but it does not see alternative solutions.
https://new.nsf.gov/news/where-brain...-evidence-jazz
The study, published in the journal NeuroImage and funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation, shows that creativity is, in fact, driven primarily by the right hemisphere in musicians who are comparatively inexperienced at improvisation. However, musicians who are highly experienced at improvisation rely primarily on their left hemisphere. This suggests that creativity is a "right-brain ability" when a person deals with an unfamiliar situation but that creativity draws on well-learned, left-hemisphere routines when a person is experienced at the task.
a word = a defined concept (or object)
a small font size (<20 pt) <--> the left hemisphere
A vs. C
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_and_concrete
justice vs. a just action
the left hemisphere <--> generalized mental objects
the right hemisphere <--> memories of real objects (incl. mathematical figures on a blackboard)
the left hemisphere <--> memories of real objects: detailshttps://www.cogneurosociety.org/behrmann_qa/
Taken together, these findings are consistent with the account that prior to the onset of reading, there is no pressure for face recognition to occur on one or the other hemisphere. It is only once a child starts reading, and there is a need to have the visual information be in close proximity to the language information in the brain, that the left hemisphere becomes increasingly – but not exclusively – tuned for word recognition.
The human left hemisphere attends primarily to the foveal view, which provides the central 5 degrees of vision. This is about the size of your thumbnail when held at arms length. Furthermore, it attends even more to the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), representing the central 2 degrees, where our full-color, high resolution (20/20 or 6/6) vision is located.
Fp1 interior (CON/dACC, dmPFC): notice others' errors
Fp2 interior: notice one's own errors
------
Fp1 exterior (BA10): choose one option out of many desirable ones
Fp2 exterior: discard the current method (or object, opinion etc) and look for alternatives
------
https://i.imgur.com/6U0flqo.png
Posting Permissions
Reply With Quote