• On Vectors of Social Progress by A. Dovgan

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    Translator's notes: This article is a follow-up of Gulenko's work and most of the text in quotes was taken from his earlier publications. Original article.

    "Left/right" dichotomy is also known as Process/Result or Evolution/Involution.

    In typing, distinguishing types of same or similar temperament can be challenging. The Right/Left dichotomy can be used to distinguish between Kindred, Bussiness, and Quasi-identical relations. For example, type EII is Process while types similar to EII, its Kindred (ESI), Quasi-identical (IEI), and Business (LII), lie on the Result side of this dichotomy. Whether someone's sociotype is Process or Result can be established by inspecting the flow of information present in this person's writing. Check the comment at the bottom of this article to see examples of its application.

    This method does not work for distinguishing types in Benefit relations. In such cases, Static/Dynamic dichotomy can be used (link).


    Part One: "Two vectors of social progress"

    1. Evolution and involution as two vectors of social progress.

    The founder of Socionics, Aushra Augustinavichiute, introduced the concept of social progress as the essence of the functioning of the collective mind of the socion. According to her opinion, "every type carries out its own part of the social request - the social function of its own intellect." The four rings of the benefit are a simple and reliable system for converting the needs and concerns of all types into the system of social requests - this is the engine of progress, that manifests in emergence of new ideas and their subsequent implementation into reality" (A.A. "The theory of intertype relations").

    These rings of social progress can be divided into two parts - "right" and "left" or "evolution" and "involution" that separate the dual dyads within each quadra. The "right" evolutionary direction of social request is characterized by movement from 1st to 4th quadra; in the left involutionary direction the movement is from 4th to 1st quadra. The right ring of progress realizes the main direction of social development, while the left ring corrects this process and creates variants contributing to social growth.

    Common approaches to the understanding of the two directions of social progress as a process of evolution and involution are described in the V.V. Gulenko's "On the Waves of Aging and Renewal: Progress orientation in combination with Jungian characteristics" 07.01.1996, Kiev. He examines the concept of evolution and involution in several ways.

    1. In general philosophical terms:

    "Evolution reflects ontogenesis - that is, the deployment of existing capacity; involution - epigenesis, the emergence of new forms, folding, accumulation and storing of the energy, leading to sudden bursts of new life. Evolution unfolds the spiral of development into a straight line, defining its horizontal trajectory. Involution to the contrary winds this spiral, thus encoding new frontiers of development - its vertical trajectory. Evolutionary development is characterized by smoothness and uniformity. Involutionary development is intermittent and irregular."
    2. In biological terms:

    Evolution and involution reflect two sides of the Darwin's law of natural selection.

    "The emergence of mutations is nothing else but involution, the dominance of left forms. Their selection or reinforcement in the process of adaptation corresponding to the evolution, the predominance of right forms."

    Left types disturb the homeostasis, and restoring it is responsibility of the right types. Victory of one of these directions leads to certain death. Such deaths will be different. "Right" death comes from the gradual cooling, fading, falling into old age. "Left" death is quick, it comes from overheating, oversaturation of the organism leading to an explosion, the overabundance of youth."
    3. In cybernetic terms:

    "Evolution, or a circular progression, corresponds to a negative feedback, and involution - to positive. Involution leads to unstable exponential growth. Evolution leads to stabilization of the parameters vital to life.

    "Right" progress means preservation and repeatability. Over time it gradually fades because such development represents aging, gradual deterioration. There is a loss of energy, but accumulation of more and more information. Involution ... occurs as a sharp jolt; steep change, sharp phase transition. In other words, the movement from old to new, rejuvenation, revitalization. ... Involution winds into a coil, concentrating the energy required for sudden push. This accumulation of energy is proportional to the loss of information resources of the system."
    Thus, to summarize and supplement the above statements, the two directions of development can be described as follows.

    Evolutionary development takes place gradually and is characterized by increasing complexity of the social systems, transfer of energy of people and natural resources into information and its reification amidst the prosperity of civilization.

    Involutionary development proceeds rapidly and irregularly. It is characterized by mutations, jumps, simplification and reorganization of the social system, winding of social information and the release of social energy. It is the movement in reverse, from artificial civilization to the natural environment.

    Evolutionary progress, passing the stages of childhood and adolescence, leads to a highly developed society that is overloaded with information. This movement proceeds through violent stages that waste of energy and eventually to the slow fading amidst the excess of information and culture. The evolutionary development of a human being in its hypertrophied form leads to the appearance of "homo-computerus" possessing massive brain but an atrophied body, living in a completely artificial technologically processed and modified environment. Information processes of such person are so complicated (due to the need to control such overly complicated style of life) that their management takes up a lion's share of this person's time and energy.

    Involutionary path goes in the opposite direction, from old age to young, from death to rebirth. This is the path of rejuvenation, regeneration, stripping of information of society and release of social energy. This is the path bath from society burdened and overloaded with information and complexities into "society of energy". Involutionary progress leads to simplification of life but an excess of vital energy, the restoration of harmony with the natural environment. In its hypertrophied form it leads to conversion of civilized society back to more primitive, traditional forms.

    The evolutionary development of society is particularly important in the early stages, when it is necessary to ensure rapid growth, progress and increasing complexity of social systems. Involutionary development is corrective - it returns to the society to the peak of its productivity. Its value is especially important when one wants to reform society, clear out the debris of accumulated problems, make the overly complicated ineffective systems become manageable once again, i.e. for preventing premature aging of society.

    Lets call the state where social system and individuals exist in a balanced state with respect to information and energy as "optimal". This state corresponds to the transition phase between youth and maturity. It represents blending of the peak of the vital forces with social productivity. At the 2002 conference, V.V. Gulenko has stated that in the quadra progression one can notice a prolonged struggle between 2nd and 3rd quadra, which take turns to displace each other in the struggle for power. This phenomenon reflects the self-correcting mechanism of society aimed at extending the optimal phase. During this phase there are periodic returns from the 3rd quadra of maturity to the 2nd quadra of youth - the process of involution. Thus the alternation of the processes of evolution and involution are necessary for the maintenance of society at its optimum. The evolution guides society along the path of progress, while involution prevents its premature aging.

    The evolutionary direction of development (conversion of energy into information) dominates and according to the law of entropy of energy it wins in the end. Then society leaves the pulsating phase of struggle between the central quadras and slides into prosperous extinguishment in phase of the 4th quadra, which can last a very long time in its intact relic state, until in enough energy is accumulated in involutionary processes to start a new life cycle.

    2. Differences between left and right types.

    The evolutionary/involutionary orientation of types is an important defining factor in their styles of thought and behavior. Lets consider the differences between evolutionary (right) and involutionary (left) types at four levels: physical, psychological, intellectual and social.

    2.1. Physical level.
    2.1.1. Orientation of activity towards process or result.
    Left types can produce results basing on poorly functioning process. They start from larger parts and leave smaller parts for the later. Right types excel at coordinating and fine-tuning of the processes. While working they are scrupulous. They work through material carefully, taking into consideration all the details.
    2.1.2. Rate of activity.
    For the right types there is characteristic tendency for smoothness and consistency, for the left types - sharpness, on-off action, as well as changes to new occupations.
    2.2. Psychological level.
    2.2.1. Priorities in interpersonal communication.
    Manifestations of negative personality traits when communication distances are large and positive traits at short distances are characteristic of involutionary types. The reverse is true for the evolutionary types. Left types thus more accommodating in close-range communication, while right types are more accommodating at a distance.
    2.2.2. Features of their inner world.
    Inner world of left types is arranged simpler than that of the right types. It contains less controversy and is thus more integrated and harmonious. However, such a distribution of psychological "charge" is compensated by opposite properties of their environment. Environment that surrounds left types is usually complicated and ambiguous. Their living conditions are often unstable and unpredictable. Permanently residing in zones of conflict and frequent changes in priorities does not deter left types, but conversely, it is their preferred environment. Right types can normally exist only if their environment is simple and unambiguous and prevents sudden changes.
    In my opinion, the psychology of left and right types differs in level of development and orientation with respect to conscious and unconscious.

    Right types have a better developed conscious framework, greater complexity of mental processes, thoughts, behavior, and more complexities in their social rituals. They focus on maintenance of reputation, which determines the particular significance of right type in complicated hierarchies of modern society. Right types are, however, more internally conflicted with their unconscious, which often leads to discharge of the conflict in a way of various psycho-social excesses that involve large numbers of other right types, as well as to cooling of the relationships between right types at close psychological distances.

    Left types have a simple and natural conscious framework. They are more in harmony with the unconscious than right types. Left types behavior and thinking is more simple and natural. This makes left type generally more harmonious and content, as well as prone to avoid participation in mass movements and excesses. However, this simplicity in conscious framework makes left type less adaptable to the complexities of life in modern society, to elaborate collective rituals in professional and public spheres. They compensate for this by adapting well to coordinated work within small groups.

    2.3. Intellectual level.
    Left types start from the general and progress towards the specifics. Right types start from specifics and progress towards the general. These two information paths in formal logic are called deduction and induction. These differences in thinking have a visible impact on activities such as reading books, writing articles, and public speaking. Involutionary types have a tendency to start reading books from the end, first inspect the overall findings, end results, and only then to trace how the author arrived there. When an involutionary type states his thoughts, he is more comfortable doing the presentation by first stating the general principles and resulting patterns, and only after proceeding to explain details and give specific examples. Evolutionary type is inclined to perceive and present information exactly in the opposite way. He is more comfortable reading a book at it was written without jumping ahead. When evolutionary type acts, he first provides details, starting axioms, evidence at hand, and only then, towards the end he formulates final conclusions.
    Right types think in greater complexity and detail, which makes their thought process slower and more energy-consuming. However, their intellectual products are well thought out in intended direction. The strength of the right thinking is in its artificial refinement and thoroughness. The disadvantage is the slower processing, delayed delivery of results, as well as "tunnel vision" - while studying the details of a particular case, right types can lose sight of the broader perspective. Voluminous supercomplex writing and productions are result of the focused work of the minds of right types, which are the engines of mental progress. They spend a lot of effort on this process, arriving at excellent results.

    Left types are inclined to simplify the information. Their thinking is quick and provides a raw product that needs further refinement. The strength of left thinking is in the natural simplicity, the generalized full-scope view of the problems and quick delivery of results. Its disadvantages are excessive conciseness of presentation of information, as well as inattention to details that may be crucial to the case. Thinking of the best representatives of the left types has brilliant simplicity, completeness and clarity. It winds information, grasping the main aspects of understanding and controlling the situation, achieving rapid results with simple methods.

    2.4. Social level.
    2.4.1. Natural-artificial.
    At this level, the difference between left and right types can be described simply as "nature - civilization." Nature is uncivilized: it contains no state-honored traditions, laws, philosophies and religions. Civilization is unnatural: morality professed by a civilized society, cannot be derived from laws of nature that essentially boil down to a struggle for existence. Left types are closer to living and modeling such natural existence, and right type - to civilized society.
    2.4.2. Working in groups.
    Due to the fact that involutors communicate negatively on foreign territory, it is difficult for them to unite into larger groups. Negative attitude toward strangers does not allow them to form larger groups. They have a tendency to work in small groups where there is room for informal communication. By contrast, evolutionary types work well in organized large groups. However, working in small groups is difficult to them because upon closing distance in communication they become more intolerant.
    Right type thus gravitate to work in large organizations in which positive relationships with employees of other departments and divisions can offset the tougher close range communication within their small group, as well as frequent dissonance and competition between departments. Left types gravitate towards well-coordinated work within smaller groups where work and communication are not strictly regulated, where working hours are flexible and there is greater freedom of self-expression.

    The differences in underlying psychology and cognitive styles of right and left types often lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, where the trend is to displace left types from convoluted large organizations and public management at the highest level. In my opinion, left types only land into such positions when a need to simplify and reorganize arises, when overly elaborate processes start costing in efficiency of organizations and society.

    3. Distinguishing characteristics of right and left directions of progress and their settings within the structure of society.

    Right-progress reflects the movement in society at macro-level, at the level of large organizations. It is characterized by smooth step-wise development, a selection from numerous mutations and innovations those most suitable for mass replication for the whole of society. Of the many models of development right types mark the most prominent ones, politically reinforce them and put them into consistently implementation. Right progress reflects the cyclical movement from 1st to 4th quadra as the main program of the evolutionary development of society. Left progress, to the contrary, is the movement within society at micro levels. It is characterized by abrupt, uneven development, innovations and permutations. Left progress is the movement from 4th to 1st quadra. It serves as an internal correction of the evolutionary development. If the process of involution knocks the system out of equilibrium, there exists a risk of damage from overcharging. To counter this, society includes a powerful stabilizing mechanism of evolution.

    In society the evolutionary vector is the dominant one. In terms of socionic this can be explained by the following.

    First, the differences between left and right types as was discussed above. Right types are directed at work in large groups, left types - in small groups. Due to their orientation at complexity of thought and behavior in social rituals, right types perform better than left types at management of overly-complicated processes of social management at the macro level.

    Second, V.V. Gulenko expressed empirically supported idea of the existence of central (2nd and 3rd quadra) and peripheral (1st and 4th quadra) types, according to which society is dominated by the central types. Indeed, according to our observations, these types are the most common and visible ones on the social level, while presence of left types in comparison is much lower.

    The dominance of right types can be explained not only simply by superiority in their numbers and complexity of their organizations. V.V. Gulenko has also proposed an idea about the presence of a type that gets pushes out within the struggle for existence between the central quadra (2nd and 3rd) - the left introverted type. In the 2nd quadra, the displaced type is the IEI, who is a peacemaker and harmonizer within its militant quadra. In the third quadra, the displaced type is the ESI, who restrains the pragmatic onslaughts of others types of its quadra by moral objections. Thus in the composition of the right types the central types are fully represented - EIE, LSI, SEE, ILI. Among left types the central "combat" group is represented only by two types - SLE and LIE, while both left introvert types become displaced.

    This tendency for right types to predominate was also noticed by other authors. A.V. Boukalov in his work on the relations between perinatal Grof matrices and worldviews of the types ("On the mechanism of formation of functions of informational metabolism in the process of formation of an individual") writes that within the context of the political struggle in society the political arena is often held by two types, EIE and LSI, the struggle of which eventually ends with the victory of the LSI.
    Essentially (and this is a global problem of socio-political value) this raises a question of what kind of people are suited for high-ranking positions. There is no doubt that when it comes to imposing limits, coercion against the individual, even if for "his own good," the administrative system and "correctional camps," we are talking about the representatives of the ? quadra. It is important to know that in a group composed from competing representatives of this quadra, the dyad that wins is LSI-EIE, eliminating the corrective dyad SLE-IEI. Within this dyad the winner is LSI, a type prone to dictatorship. To this form of control another type is also predisposed, LII, but in another form.
    This is exactly what we can see happening on the political scene of the modern Ukraine. Viktor Yushchenko (LSI) and Yulia Tymoshenko (EIE) are now the leaders of political Olympus, as the left types such as Yanukovych and Poroshenko (both SLEs) were gradually displaced from central positions as soon as the crisis stage was over. This I see mostly as the result of left type being orientated at operating in small groups, as well as the simplicity of their thought and behavior and unwillingness to delve deeply and respond adequately to the complexities of political life, and inability to effectively manage complicated processes of social development in the quiet periods of history.

    However, left types are called to the social Olympus in times of crisis, when it is necessary to reform the overly complicated and ineffective processes or in the face of danger in times of war. This is why Vladimir Gulenko in the theory of ekfinal groups called the central left types the group of reforms, the right central - the group of repair of social processes.

    4. Social and psychological meaning of relations of request and revision [benefit and supervision]

    The founder of Socionics, Aushra Augustinavichiute, introduced the concept of social progress as a key concept and the very essence of functioning of the collective mind of the socion, which forms a complete over-organism or a unit of social intelligence, being the highest form of organization of psychic energy, the energy unit of humanity, which consists of the sum of the sixteen Socionics types and relations between them. Socionics also generates according to Aushra new branch of social science - "sotsiomatika", that examines the social structure of society and intertype relationships.

    According to Aushra, "every type of intelligence does its part of the social request - the social function of its own intellect." This socioprogress she relates to the transfer of the momentum within the rings of benefit from benefactor to the beneficiary, as well as with the control of the fulfillment of the request by relations of revision.

    Beneficiary perceives the momentum of the benefactor and strives to solve the problems that were formulated by the benefactor. Revisor impedes the revisee and the benefactor from getting close, making the revisee realize this request in society rather than in dyad of request. Relations of benefit are described by Aushra as mysterious relation of hypnosis while revision - as terrible relations of psychological repression. V.V. Gulenko has formulated the essence of request and revision relations differently: social request as a transfer of the energy pulse or inclusion into work and revision as information transfer and shutdown from work, the correction by revisor of the behavior of revisee.

    The essential social value of relations of benefit/request lies in activating effect that the benefactor has on beneficiary, a forced inclusion in socially meaningful activities and in informational imitation by the benefactor of the beneficiary that allows for the quadra progression to happen.

    The essential social value of relations of revision/supervision lies on one hand in the correction of the fulfillment of the request by the supervisor and in suppression of inadequate behavior of the revisee, and on the other hand in assisting supervisee in resolving problems that are too difficult to him to solve.

    In my opinion, the informational and energy transactions should both be considered.

    Social request provides the energy transfer from the benefactor to the beneficiary, unilateral unconscious programming by the benefactor of the activities of the beneficiary, including him into work. Benefactor creatively and suggestively influences the beneficiary (transaction between functions 2 and 5), pushing on the behaviorist energy lever that works according to the principle of "stimulus-response" (transaction between 1st and 8th functions), thus activating work of the vital ring of beneficiary. Beneficiary automatically tries to realize the programming that was passed onto him by benefactor.

    While energy moves from benefactor to beneficiary, information travels in the opposite direction. Benefactor inspects abilities of the beneficiary and in some time tries to imitate them. Beneficiary thus activates the benefactor (transaction from 1st to 6th function) transferring over the information about creative methods of action (transaction f2->f7) that extend and widen narrow standards of the benefactor in the aspects of 7th function, as well as give a simpler but more adequate program of behavior for benefactor's 4th function (transaction from 7th to 4th function).

    Thus in the ring of benefit there is one-sided automatic unwinding of the energy on account of benefactor exerting influence on behavioral lever of beneficiary f1->f8 (in quasi-identical relations this energy unwinding is mutual, the request is sent both ways).

    Revision or social control transfers information from revisor to revisee, enabling the movement of information along the mental ring. Revisor transfers information from 1st function to the weak 4th function of revisee, and receives information reinforcement of its 2nd function. At the same time the energy is switched off, which manifests as demoralization of the revisee as revisor shuts off the revisee (f1->f8). Revisee unconsciously influences the revisor (f8->f5) and offers an acceptable program (f7->f8). Revisor from one hand corrects inadequate behavior of the revisee and from the other hand offers support in revisee's inadequate 4th function.

    Thus in rings of benefit and revision the energy and information are moving in different directions. In relations of request/benefit, the energy is transferred from beneficiary to benefactor, forming a chain of one-sided activation, while in relations of revision the energy moves from revisee to revisor, forming one-sided chain of protection, when revisor catches the flag that the revisee is no longer able to carry forward.

    At the same time, information is moving in the opposite direction. In relations of request/benefit, information moves from beneficiary to the benefator. In this sense, what occurs is called "reverse request" (term introduced by Gulenko), the main social attribute of which is imitation, due to which the values of one quadra are transferred to the next one within society or organization. For example, an EIE benefactor will imitate an SEE beneficiary, losing its ideological angle and becoming infused by values of freedom and prosperity. LSI benefactor will imitate an ILI, become more cautious, skeptical, pragmatic.

    The main part of the transaction of "reverse request" is in transfer from 2nd to 7th function. Beneficiary creatively shows the benefactor examples of new kind of behavior. 7th function is normative, it accrues the knowledge and know-how of others, adjusts values, it also possesses dual type of thinking.

    In relations of revision, information flows from revisor to revisee (transfer from f2->f1 and f1->f4). This information is received well by the revisee due to common style of thinking and is transferred further down the revision chain.

    Energy exchange in relations of revision flows smoothly when there is one-sided chain of assistance. However, if one tracks the direction of assistance that was provided then the concept of "reverse revision" should be considered. In this type of revision, revisee incites revisor into action by demonstrating its weakness. Revisor then grabs the flag from his hands and helps revisee solve the problems pertaining to his 4th function.

    It can be said, that introduction of new quadra values (movement of information) happens in the direction of the psychologically weaker dyad with the energy support of the benefactor and the informational correction of the revisor. Psychologically stronger dyad as if passes on the torch of new goals and values to the psychologically weaker recipients. However on energetic plane, the reverse exchange happens when the stronger dyad replaces the weak dyad when it encounters unsolvable problems. It must be taken into account that on social level it is the central quadras that dominate (2nd and 3rd) while peripheral quadras often perform supporting roles.

    5. Social mission of right and left sociotypes

    Lets now consider the role, the "mission", of each type in development of society. According to the founder of Socionics A. Avgustinavichuete: "every type of IM executes specific social functions."

    Left involutionary types produce a variety of solutions to the challenges of their environment, make leaps forward, and right types pick up the most valuable innovations and spread them in the society, as well as stabilize the social system.

    5.1. Social "missions" of left types

    Enthusiast (ESE) — provides emotional growth, charges people with emotional energy, spreads innovative ideas and social practices.
    Analyst (LII) — catalyst in basic science, innovator-reorganizer of systems. Generates a lot of alternative ideas, creating a theoretical model of the future to which we should strive. Initiator of "logical" growth, calls for thinking.
    Marshall (SLE) — revolutionary in practice, defeats his enemies, destroyer of the old systems, creator of the new structures, the penetrating power of history.
    Lyric (IEI) — the creator of ideal bright future, of a the dream, which illuminates the souls of men.
    Entrepreneur (LIE) — revolutionary-innovator in business, experimenter in applied sciences, discovers new methods, tactics, and empirical information.
    Guardian (ESI) — opponent of evil, resolute enforcer of moral standards, the creator of ethics and moral foundation for new successful enterprises
    Advisor (IEE) — discoverer of abilities and potential in people, guides out of difficult situations, finds capable people who can be relied on, seeds humanitarian ideas.
    Craftsman (SLI) — creator of simple technologies and methods of work, which dramatically increase effectiveness and yield rapid results with minimal expenditures of resources and effort.

    5.2. Social "missions" of right types

    Seeker (ILE) — finds promising ideas and discoveries, contributes to their formation and stabilization, elucidates their nature, makes them fundamental, derives exact formulas and theories which he follows himself and promotes their spread in society.
    Mediator (SEI) — softens the atmosphere of excessive competition and labor by creating aesthetically pleasing comfortable environment, creates an atmosphere for enjoyable interaction.
    Mentor (EIE) — perceiving social discontent, enters a group of fighters as an ideological leader, spreads ideas of the group to larger groups, directs their energy into the course of the struggle, in which he exhausts it.
    Inspector (LSI) — concludes the reformative actions of Marshall, propagates new structures on entire society, stabilizes, regulates, establish order and discipline, reinforces the hierarchy of power.
    Politician (SEE) — presents as a mouthpiece of influential classes and economically oriented groups, leads political bargaining, creates political and diplomatic alliances, reconciles warring parties, strikes up temporary peace agreements thereby stabilizing the political situation in the society.
    Critic (ILI) — criticizes brash and imprudent decisions and actions, anticipating possible dangers and negative effects, thus narrowing the direction of social development into the safest and most predictable course.
    Administrator (LSE) — becomes a leader under conditions of stabilization of new economic relations, picks up and propagates in society special technologies to improve the productivity of factory type labor, based on conscientious selfless work.
    Humanist (EII) — harmonizes the psychological climate in a group, supports the sprouts of good relations, levels the atmosphere of competition, sacrifices progressive dynamics in favor of good stable relations.

    5.3 Profiles of social actions of right and left groups

    These descriptions are cited from work of V.V. Gulenko "On Evolution of Society" Kiev, 1991.

    Armorers - Left introverted types who tighten the spring of socio-progress, they extract the energy needed for forward movement and supply it (arm) the follow-up group with everything that is needed for a breakthrough.

    Fighters - Left extroverted types, the most active, energetic, and determined in terms of finding new potential. They provide for a powerful burst in energy that was concentrated by the previous group of armorers.

    Surfacers (from "surface") - Right extraverts, they are carried to the top and surf the previous tumultuous wave of social progress. They do not extract energy, neither do they carry it, but they know how to channel it into the right direction. Among them most often one can find preachers of ideologies aimed at explaining mass discontent, or politicians that rose to their positions due to their skill being able to talk representing the masses, nations or particular layers of society.

    Evacuators - Right introverts, they dissipate the energy of social movements, clear out the territory for future events. Their distinctive trait - desire to suppress any emotional outbursts, smooth out any critical periods.
    [section 5.4 has not been translated]

    6. Progress orientations in business. Distinguishing characteristics of left and right teams.

    Qualities of teams of left or right types in many ways are determined by qualities of left or right sociotypes, but cannot be reduced to these (antireductionism).

    6.1 Characteristics of involutionary types and "left" organizations.

    Thinking of left types, both dynamic synergetic and static holographic, gravitates towards simplicity, brevity, and expediency. In behavior and in their decision making, left types are just as expeditious and oriented at obtaining results quickly. They prefer to work in spurts, with frequent turns and switches between activities, at times returning back in order to improve upon their results. Distinct periods of ups and downs can be seen in their work, periods of rapid expenditure of energy and resources and subsequent re-accumulation. This is more acceptable for business practices that are tolerant of uneven activity.

    Left types are most accommodating at close distances and more intolerant of having to work at greater distances, therefore they prefer to work in small groups and small organizations, where having "soft" relations with all members of the team is encouraged. In these groups they go by simple and efficient schemes that are devoid of extraneous complexities. They are inclined to simplify their activities and involution of information. Groups composed of left types are distinguished by abundance of energy, which is freely put to use towards group projects.

    The simplicity of activities of left groups and speed with which they process information makes them flexible and readily responsive to outside changes. The disadvantages of this kind of simplicity is that there is certain primitiveness to the group structure and professional dealings, preference for use of simple methods, tools and technologies, which sometimes yield mediocre results.

    6.2 Characteristics of evolutionary types and "right" organizations.

    Thinking of right types, both dynamic dialectic and static causal-deterministic, gravitates towards complexity, thoroughness, attention to detail and therefore requires more time to achieve a result. Their behavior and decisions are relatively unhurried, focused on the process, taking into account all the subtleties of the situation. Teams composed of right types work more smoothly, consistently and evenly, spending energy and resources in a planned manner, avoiding work overloads. This is more acceptable to businesses that rely on complex organization and detailed planning.

    Right types are more accommodating at large distances and less so in proximity. Therefore they tend to work best in large groups and organizations, where reputation and relative "soft" relations with other teams is encouraged, but harsher relations are permitted within the team. Large organizations of right type are characterized by multi-level hierarchical organizational structure and operating procedures, large scale operations that require efforts of many people, putting forth the fruits of collective work.

    The disadvantages of such organizations is that they suffer from excessive formalization and bureaucratization that renders them inflexible. There is delay in response time to the changing external environment, repression of creative energy of workers and freedom of expression. More competitive relations within teams can also lead to internal competition and intrigues, which undermines their effectiveness and productivity.

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    Comments 3 Comments
    1. silke's Avatar
      silke -
      Great article for differentiating Process/Result types in typing, which includes quasi-identicals, kindreds, mirrors, and business type - all very commonly mistaken for each other.

      To summarize it: the thinking of Result types proceeds from seeing the general, overall picture down to the parts, particulars, and details that make it up. The thinking of Process types runs in the reserve, starting from the parts and details, and then building up to some kind of general worldview or conclusion.

      Meaning that:
      Result/Involutionary types think from general->specific.
      Process/Evolutionary types think from specific-> general.

      In friendships and romantic relationships, during cultural literary and intellectual discussions, "Process" types are most attracted and convinced by other "Process" types, who relay their information in exactly the way they are most receptive to it. And, of course, "Result" types are most receptive to the statements of other "Result" types.

      For instance: the dual of "Process" type ILI is another "Process" type SEE. However, the ILI might find an intellectual interest in the statements, quotes, and written works of other "Process" types, such as his supervisor type EIE, beneficiary type EII, benefactor type LSI, and even his contrary type ILE.

      This provides some invaluable clues to type identification, that are based on actual information metabolism of types, rather than on type social cliches or personality stereotypes.


      A few examples of how to tell the difference between process from result types from written material (i.e. emails, letters, posts, texts:

      Example of Process type writing: The paragraph opens up talking about specifics and progresses to a more general outlook - it was written by a girl of process/evolutionary thinking style (type SEE):

      "I am trying to see things in perspective. My dog wants a bite of my peanut butter chocolate chip bagel. I know she cannot have this, because chocolate makes dogs very sick. My dog does not understand this. She pouts and wraps herself around my leg like a scarf and purrs and tries to convince me to give her just a tiny bit. When I do not give in, she eventually gives up and lays in the corner, under the piano, drooping and sad. I hope the universe has my best interest in mind like I have my dog’s. When I want something with my whole being, and the universe withholds it from me, I hope the universe thinks to herself: ‘Silly girl. She thinks this is what she wants, but she does not understand how it will hurt." – Blythe Baird


      Example of Process type writing: The paragraph opens with the description of the particulars of the execution scene and the actions of the main character. The writing then builds up towards achieving a general conclusion: "... he was summing up the lesson that this long course in human wickedness had taught us-the lesson of the fearsome word-and-thought-defying banality of evil", indicating process type information metabolism. Indeed the author's type is SEE, a process/evolutionary type:

      "Adolf Eichmann went to the gallows with great dignity. He had asked for a bottle of red wine and had drunk half of it. He refused the help of the Protestant minister the Reverend William Hull who offered to read the Bible with him: he had only two more hours to live and therefore no “time to waste.” He walked the fifty yards from his cell to the execution chamber calm and erect with his hands bound behind him. When the guards tied his ankles and knees he asked them to loosen the bonds so that he could stand straight. “I don’t need that ” he said when the black hood was offered him. He was in complete command of himself nay he was more: he was completely himself. Nothing could have demonstrated this more convincingly than the grotesque silliness of his last words. He began by stating emphatically that he was a Gottgläubiger to express in common Nazi fashion that he was no Christian and did not believe in life after death. He then proceeded: “After a short while gentlemen we shall all meet again. Such is the fate of all men. Long live Germany long live Argentina long live Austria. I shall not forget them.” In the face of death he had found the cliché used in funeral oratory. Under the gallows his memory played him the last trick he was “elated” and he forgot that this was his own funeral. It was as though in those last minutes he was summing up the lesson that this long course in human wickedness had taught us-the lesson of the fearsome word-and-thought-defying banality of evil." – Hannah Arendt


      Example of Process type writing: The story begins with concrete examples and clarifications of definitions that pave the way to concluding statements. The concluding statements are deductions derived from the examples that have been given at the start. This is the general form of each paragraph as well as the story as a whole. For example, the first paragraph opens with "Friend of mine told me about Gandalf ..." and "Tolkien read Kalevala" and finishes off with a conclusion: "We're culturally trapped in archetypes". Information flow is: specific examples -> conclusion (concrete -> abstract). The author's type is ILE (link) which is a Process/Evolutionary type.


      Friend of mine told me about Gandalf being based on Väinämöinen, main character in Kalevala, the finnish national epic. It is true that Tolkien read Kalevala. In Finnish. In the old Finnish which is already incomprehensible to me, especially since the story is in poetry. Later, another friend declared that Gandalf mainly got it's inspirations on Merlin. Very plausible. Why were they so similar? ..Later on, came Albus Dumbledore. If you study any of the "good wise wizard" archetypes, they're always pretty similar. We're culturally trapped in archetypes.

      Did you know that the word "inspire" came from latin words which mean for the spirit(us), to step in. You are the well of spirits which affected to you. Be it from the primal source of inspiration (the organic and non-organic nature), self-conscious nature (the cultural creatures) or the inspiration wells made by the latter (art in all forms to a highly extended version of the word; literature, pictures, film) besides the reflections of culture (language, religion, myths, so forth).The simplifying, categorizing, optimizing human mind is very prone to making these symbols, set of characteristics and qualities in these subconscious icons. Even so far to take all of us with us to be influenced by these subconscious legends.
      ...
      Your types are a new assortment of myths based on other myths. You were playing your part even before you knew about socionics. Now you're probably doing even more so with slightly changed formula. Hopefully you're doing it somewhat consciously as the mind can mold itself while it is discerning of it's own mechanics. The observer watching the observer observing itself can be a self-undoing process, making room for building some new culture within.


      Example of Result type writing: In this example, information presented in text is being wrapped-up or 'involuted'. Writing style is noticeably simplified. Information relayed has a somewhat coarse quality to it. This is likely due to the writer's cognitive style, which is holographic for type IEE, which is a Result/Involutionary type. Author is Jimmy Whales, the founder of Wikipedia.


      ..."Ideally, our rules should be formed in such a fashion that an ordinary helpful kind thoughtful person doesn't really even need to know the rules. You just get to work, do something fun, and nobody hassles you as long as you are being thoughtful and kind."

      ... "When someone just writes 'f**k, f**k, f**k', we just fix it, laugh and move on. But the difficult social issues are the borderline cases — people who do some good work, but who are also a pain in the neck."

      ..."We are a passionate community of volunteers who are trying to create a free encyclopedia for every single person on the planet. So we don't often think in terms of competition. We are going to do what we do and we hope Google does wonderful things as well. [...] If we were approaching this as a business we would think always: Oh, how can we position ourselves on the market... We just don't do any of that stuff."


      Example of Result type writing: In each of the paragraphs below, the first sentence forms a summary statement. The remainder of the text consists of supporting information: numbers, examples, observations. Flow of information within the paragraphs is summary statement -> specific examples (abstract -> concrete). The author is Matt Ridley type Ne-LII, which is a Result/Involutionary type. Ridley's writings contain a pronounced anti-government sentiment and calls for decentralization, which is attributed to Democratic quadra.


      The devastation wrought by our indigenous and traditional ancestors as they extinguished their way across the planet during and after the last ice age is only now becoming clear. Coincident with the first certain arrival of the people in North America, 11,500 years ago, seventy-three percent of the large mammal genera quickly died out. Gone were giant bison, wild horse, short-faced bear, mammoth, mastodon, sabre-toothed cat, giant ground sloth and wild camel. By 8,000 years ago, eighty per cent of the large mammal genera in South America were also extinct - giant sloths, giant armadillos, giant guanacos, giant capybaras, anteaters the side of horses.

      If sporting faction are in effect ersatz battles between rival coalitions of males in a tribal species of ape, the ecstasy and agony of the modern football fan makes a little more sense. The enemy team and its factional supporters are almost as terrifying and provoking a danger to the fan as a group of murderous warriors would be to a Yanomamo. In ancient Roman chariot races in the Circus, the competing chariots were distinguished by the colours of their drivers' liveries. At first there were just two colours, white and red, but these were later complemented, then overtaken, by two more colours, green and light blue. This little device, originally intended to make the chariots more easily distinguished, gave rise to factions of rival supporters within the city. After Caligula, even the emperor often supported one faction or another.


      Example of Result type writing: In each of the paragraphs quoted below, the conclusion or summary is presented within the first 1-2 sentences, while the rest of text consists of supporting examples and further explanations. In the first paragraph, the claim that "nothing is ever lost" is backed up by a concrete example: author's encounter with a native in East Africa. In the second paragraph, the claim that "man is profoundly disinclined to give up his beginnings" is once again backed up by a concrete example of author watching a witch-doctor perform a ceremony. Flow of information is "generalized conclusion -> specific examples" (abstracted -> concrete). The author is Carl Jung, commonly typed as IEI or LII, both of which are Result/Involutionary types.


      But nothing is ever lost, not even the blood pact with the devil. Outwardly it is forgotten, but inwardly not at all. We act like the natives of the southern slopes of Mount Elgon, the East Africa, one of whom accompanied me part of the way into the bush. At a fork in the path we came upon a brand new "ghost trap," beautifully got up like a little hut, near the cave where he lived with his family. I asked him if he had made it. He denied it with all the signs of extreme agitation, asserting that only children would make such a "ju-ju". Wereupon he gave the hut a kick, and the whole thing fell to pieces.

      This is exactly the reaction we can observe in Europe today. Outwardly people are more or less civilized, but inwardly they are still primitives. Something in man is profoundly disinclined to give up his beginnings, and something else believes it has long since got beyond all that. The contradiction was once brought home to me in the most drastic manner when I was watching a "Strudel" (a sort of local witch-doctor) taking the spell off a stable. The stable was situated immediately beside the Gotthard railway line, and several international expresses sped past during the ceremony. Their occupants would hardly have suspected that a primitive ritual was being performed a few yards away.
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    1. Zero11's Avatar
      Zero11 -
      "EII is Process/Evolutionary type while its Kindred (LII), Quasi-identical (IEI), and Look-alike (ESI)"

      Kindred: ESI
      Quasi-identical: IEI
      Look-alike/Business: LII
    1. Zero11's Avatar
      Zero11 -
      deleted