Do you think he sounds like an ILE or LIE, then? Or do you disagree that he's even necessarily NT from what he has said? I deliberately said "sounds" because I'm not 100% convinced he's being accurate - I also get the impression that crazedrat did that he might be fitting the description to himself a bit. But he might also be being completely honest, and since I have no evidence to the contrary and no way of telling if I'm wrong, I'm just going by what he literally said.
I personally don't think there's anything wrong with my general typing procedure as far as eliminating certain types goes (even if it seems like "Phaedrus territory" to you, just because Phaedrus does it doesn't mean it's a bad thing - he's just extremely poor at justifying things), however I do admit the step where I decided he didn't sound like my impression of an ILE or LIE is a possible source of error.
I don't believe I was sourcing type descriptions except in my visualization of ILE and LIE, and in that case it was based on generalities, not specifics, and augmented by observations of others that I am fairly confident are those types. Also, what the types represent - for instance, from his description I don't think he is EJ, so I don't think he's LIE.
I don't think there's only one method that's "correct" to type someone - Socionics is an extremely redundant system. It's sort of like physics, where there are many different ways to view it and still arrive at the same answer. (At least, one would hope the same answer, if it works.
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You do indeed get "letters" from function combinations. NT types are those that are strong in Ne, Ni, Ti, Te, and weak in Se, Si, Fi, and Fe. Depending on quadra they will value one set of introverted and extroverted functions and not care about the other. Similarly, you can get EJ/IP/EP/IJ from functions: EJs always are either Te or Fe dominant, IPs are always either Ni or Si dominant, EPs: Ne/Se, IJs: Ti/Fi. It's all emergent. You might not like how I choose to describe the function combinations, but it's somewhat arbitrary.