I think archetypes are useful to a certain extent, specifically with an historical approach. So for example if we look at human civilizations, from the Aztecs to the Egyptians, in each there is commonalities amongst the social roles people play(or are forced into). Of course many times people didn't have a choice and were born into their "role" but that's irrelevant, what would be relevant is: did they excel in that role? and if so was it compatible with their socionics type? Compatibility is of course determined by whether or not an individual's social role allowed them (even rewarded them) to use their ego functions.
Mercantile, Administrative
Theoretical, Engineering
Artistic (drama/theater/entertainment), Political
Ecclesiastical, Political
Inventing
Spiritual, Ideological
Military
Artisan
I'm missing things I know so feel free to add. As for general careers found, in one way or form, in all civilizations: Merchant, Artist/Entertainer, Mystic/Priest, Military General, Artisan, Politician, Engineer/Inventor.
So from this you get some general archetypes. Leonardo da Vinci, famed inventor and engineer, for example, is very much an archetypical ENTp
. Napoleon and Julius Caesar, famed military generals and politicians, were archetypical ESFps
etc. Shakespeare, famed playwright and dramatist - ENFj
etc. etc.